Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among children under the age of 5 years in paediatric hospitals- Benghazi, Libya
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Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common form of anaemia. This study was undertaken to highlight the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among children aged less than 5 years. A total of 220 children aged less than 5 years - attended at the haematology laboratory of Children Hospital, Benghazi Libya - were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was estimated. Our study showed that 109 (49.5%) of all children were anaemic and of them, 57 children (52.3 %) were moderately anaemic. This work concluded that there is a high prevalence of anaemia among Libyan children under the age of 5 years.
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kamal, mona. (2018). Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among children under the age of 5 years in paediatric hospitals- Benghazi, Libya. IJRDO -JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING, 3(6), 01-12. https://doi.org/10.53555/hsn.v3i6.2062
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References
REFERENCES:
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2. Grosbois, B. Decaux, O. Cador, B. Cazalets, C. and Jego, P. : ‘Human iron deficiency’, Bull Acad Natl Med, 2005;189(8):1649–63.
3. Kasili, E. : ‘Malnutrition and infections as causes of childhood anemia in tropical Africa’, Am. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol, 1990;12(3): 375–7.
4. Bertil, G. : The Anemias. In: Berhrman, RE., Klahman, RM.and Jeson, HB. editors. Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics.2004; 17th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.
5. Premji, Z. Hamisi, Y. Shiff, C. Minjas, J. Lubega, P. and Makwaya, C.‘Anemia and Plasmodium falciparum infections among young children in an holoendemic area Bagamoyo, Tanzania’, Acta Trop, 1995; 59(1):.55 – 64.
6. Fleming, AF. : ‘Iron deficiency in the tropics’, Clin Haematol, 1982;11(2):365–88.
7. Emodi, I., Azubuike, J.and Nkangineme, K. Paediatrics and Child Health in a Tropical Region. Nigeria: African Educational Services,.2007.
8. Gisela, M. Pita, : ‘Anemia in Children under Five Years Old in Eastern Cuba’, J MEDICC Review, 2014;16(1):16 - 23.
9. Brotanek ,J.M. Gosz, J. Weitzman, M. and Flores, G. : ‘Iron deficiency in early childhood in the United States: Risk factors and racial/ethnic disparities’, The J of Pediatrics, 2007;120(3):568–575.
10. Muñoz Pérez, M. García Vera, C. Galve Royo, F. Fortea Gimeno, E. Olmedillas, M.: ‘Is general screening for anemia and iron deficiency justified in nursing infants’, Aten Primaria, 1995;15(7):446 –448.
11. Vendt, N. Grünberg, H. Leedo, S. Tillmann, V. and Talvik, T. :‘Prevalence and causes of iron deficiency anemias in infants aged 9 to 12 months in Estonia’, Medicina (Kaunas), 2007;43(12):947–52.
12. Vieira, A. Diniz, A. Cabral, P. Oliveira, R. Lola, M. : ‘Nutritional assessment of iron status and anemia in children under 5 years old at public day care centres ’, J Pediatr,2008; 83(4): 370 –76.
13. Maziya-Dixon,B., Sanusi, R., Akinyele, IO., Oguntona, E., and Harris, F. : Iron Status of children under 5 in Nigeria : Result of the Nigeria food consumption and nutrition survey. Proceedings of Iron deficiency in Early life and challenges and progress, Lima, Peru. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Ibadan: Nigeria.2004.
14. El Ati, J. Gaigi, S. Beji, C. Haddad, S. Cherif ,S. Farhat, A. Fattoum, S. and Ben Abdeladhim, A.: ‘Prevalence and causal factors of anemia in children in Tunisia’, Tunis Med, 2005; 83(9):511-8.
15. Leal, L. Batista Filho, M. Lira, P. Figueiroa, J. and Osório, M.: ‘Prevalência da anemia e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses de Pernambuco’, Rev Saúde Pública,,2011; 45(3):457-66.
16. Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia] (2012) Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, MD. USA: Central Statistical Agency and ORC Macro..
17. Assis, A. and Barreto, M. :‘Condições de vida, saúde e nutrição na infância em Salvador. Salvador Editor Bureau, 2000: 23 (10):2337- 2350.
18. Kounnavong, S. Sunahara, T. and Hashizume, M.:‘Anemia and related factors in preschool children in the southern rural Lao People's Democratic Republic’, Tropical Medicine and Health, 2011;39(4):95–103.
19. El Hioui, M. Farsi, M. Aboussaleh, Y. Ahami, A. and Achicha, A.:‘Prevalence of malnutrition and anemia among preschool children in Kenitra, Morocco’, Nutritional Therapy & Metabolism, 2010;28(2):73–76.
20. Tengco, P. Rayco-Solon, J. Solon, J. Sarol, J and Solon, F.:‘Determinants of anemia among preschool children in the Philippines’, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2008;27(2): 229–243.
21. Ekwoch, Ui. Osuorah, D. Odetunde, O. Egbonu, I. and Ezechukwu, C. : ‘Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in anaemic under-5 children in Enugu South East Nigeria’, Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 2014;41 (2);129-132.
22. Keikhaei, B. Zandian, K. Ghasemi, A. and Tabibi, R.:‘Iron-deficiency anemia among children in southwest Iran’, Food Nutrition Bulletin, 2007;28(4):406-411.
23. Rockville, M. Screening for iron deficiency anemia in childhood and pregnancy. Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S: AHRQ publication. 2006
24. Uddin, M. Sardar, M. and Hossain, M.:‘Prevalence of anaemia in children of 6 months to 59 months in Narayanganj, Bangladesh’, Journal of Dhaka Medical College, 2010;19(2):126–130.
25. Gutelius, M. Millican, F. Layman, E. Cohen, G. and Dublin, C.:‘Nutritional studies of children with pica II. Treatment of pica with iron given intramuscularly’, The J of Pediatrics,1962; 29(6):1018- 1023.
26. Pita, G. and Jiménez, S.:‘anemia por defi ciencia de hierro en la población infantil de Cuba. Brechas por cerrar’, Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter, 2011;27(2):179– 95.
27. Hiba, H. Abdelrahim, M. Shams, M. Mustafa, A. Awadia, K. ElHady, E. and Mamoun, M.: ‘Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children under Three years in Kassala, Eastern Sudan’, Sudanese Journal of public health,2014; 9 (1):33-37.
1. Tympa P, Vagenas E., Psirropoulos C., D. Dafni.: ‘Nutritional risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia in children 12-24 months old in the area of Thessalia in Greece’. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2005;56(1):1–12.
2. Grosbois, B. Decaux, O. Cador, B. Cazalets, C. and Jego, P. : ‘Human iron deficiency’, Bull Acad Natl Med, 2005;189(8):1649–63.
3. Kasili, E. : ‘Malnutrition and infections as causes of childhood anemia in tropical Africa’, Am. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol, 1990;12(3): 375–7.
4. Bertil, G. : The Anemias. In: Berhrman, RE., Klahman, RM.and Jeson, HB. editors. Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics.2004; 17th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.
5. Premji, Z. Hamisi, Y. Shiff, C. Minjas, J. Lubega, P. and Makwaya, C.‘Anemia and Plasmodium falciparum infections among young children in an holoendemic area Bagamoyo, Tanzania’, Acta Trop, 1995; 59(1):.55 – 64.
6. Fleming, AF. : ‘Iron deficiency in the tropics’, Clin Haematol, 1982;11(2):365–88.
7. Emodi, I., Azubuike, J.and Nkangineme, K. Paediatrics and Child Health in a Tropical Region. Nigeria: African Educational Services,.2007.
8. Gisela, M. Pita, : ‘Anemia in Children under Five Years Old in Eastern Cuba’, J MEDICC Review, 2014;16(1):16 - 23.
9. Brotanek ,J.M. Gosz, J. Weitzman, M. and Flores, G. : ‘Iron deficiency in early childhood in the United States: Risk factors and racial/ethnic disparities’, The J of Pediatrics, 2007;120(3):568–575.
10. Muñoz Pérez, M. García Vera, C. Galve Royo, F. Fortea Gimeno, E. Olmedillas, M.: ‘Is general screening for anemia and iron deficiency justified in nursing infants’, Aten Primaria, 1995;15(7):446 –448.
11. Vendt, N. Grünberg, H. Leedo, S. Tillmann, V. and Talvik, T. :‘Prevalence and causes of iron deficiency anemias in infants aged 9 to 12 months in Estonia’, Medicina (Kaunas), 2007;43(12):947–52.
12. Vieira, A. Diniz, A. Cabral, P. Oliveira, R. Lola, M. : ‘Nutritional assessment of iron status and anemia in children under 5 years old at public day care centres ’, J Pediatr,2008; 83(4): 370 –76.
13. Maziya-Dixon,B., Sanusi, R., Akinyele, IO., Oguntona, E., and Harris, F. : Iron Status of children under 5 in Nigeria : Result of the Nigeria food consumption and nutrition survey. Proceedings of Iron deficiency in Early life and challenges and progress, Lima, Peru. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Ibadan: Nigeria.2004.
14. El Ati, J. Gaigi, S. Beji, C. Haddad, S. Cherif ,S. Farhat, A. Fattoum, S. and Ben Abdeladhim, A.: ‘Prevalence and causal factors of anemia in children in Tunisia’, Tunis Med, 2005; 83(9):511-8.
15. Leal, L. Batista Filho, M. Lira, P. Figueiroa, J. and Osório, M.: ‘Prevalência da anemia e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses de Pernambuco’, Rev Saúde Pública,,2011; 45(3):457-66.
16. Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia] (2012) Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, MD. USA: Central Statistical Agency and ORC Macro..
17. Assis, A. and Barreto, M. :‘Condições de vida, saúde e nutrição na infância em Salvador. Salvador Editor Bureau, 2000: 23 (10):2337- 2350.
18. Kounnavong, S. Sunahara, T. and Hashizume, M.:‘Anemia and related factors in preschool children in the southern rural Lao People's Democratic Republic’, Tropical Medicine and Health, 2011;39(4):95–103.
19. El Hioui, M. Farsi, M. Aboussaleh, Y. Ahami, A. and Achicha, A.:‘Prevalence of malnutrition and anemia among preschool children in Kenitra, Morocco’, Nutritional Therapy & Metabolism, 2010;28(2):73–76.
20. Tengco, P. Rayco-Solon, J. Solon, J. Sarol, J and Solon, F.:‘Determinants of anemia among preschool children in the Philippines’, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2008;27(2): 229–243.
21. Ekwoch, Ui. Osuorah, D. Odetunde, O. Egbonu, I. and Ezechukwu, C. : ‘Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in anaemic under-5 children in Enugu South East Nigeria’, Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 2014;41 (2);129-132.
22. Keikhaei, B. Zandian, K. Ghasemi, A. and Tabibi, R.:‘Iron-deficiency anemia among children in southwest Iran’, Food Nutrition Bulletin, 2007;28(4):406-411.
23. Rockville, M. Screening for iron deficiency anemia in childhood and pregnancy. Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S: AHRQ publication. 2006
24. Uddin, M. Sardar, M. and Hossain, M.:‘Prevalence of anaemia in children of 6 months to 59 months in Narayanganj, Bangladesh’, Journal of Dhaka Medical College, 2010;19(2):126–130.
25. Gutelius, M. Millican, F. Layman, E. Cohen, G. and Dublin, C.:‘Nutritional studies of children with pica II. Treatment of pica with iron given intramuscularly’, The J of Pediatrics,1962; 29(6):1018- 1023.
26. Pita, G. and Jiménez, S.:‘anemia por defi ciencia de hierro en la población infantil de Cuba. Brechas por cerrar’, Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter, 2011;27(2):179– 95.
27. Hiba, H. Abdelrahim, M. Shams, M. Mustafa, A. Awadia, K. ElHady, E. and Mamoun, M.: ‘Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children under Three years in Kassala, Eastern Sudan’, Sudanese Journal of public health,2014; 9 (1):33-37.